With positive reinforcement, the environment changes as a consequence of the behavior; in case of negative reinforcement, _____
a. the unpleasant stimulus will continue even when the subject emits desired response
b. the undesirable behavior will eventually reappear
c. the undesirable behavior will intensify
d. the noxious stimulus will disappear
ANS: D
FEEDBACK: As with positive reinforcement, the environment changes as a consequence of the behavior; in this case, the noxious stimulus will disappear. In the laboratory or classroom, an operant-conditioning situation can be established in which the unpleasant stimulus (such as a loud noise or an electric shock) will continue until the subject emits the desired response.
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Maurice was born with an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. For the better part of his life, however, he has felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. According to your textbook, Maurice has a female __________.
A. problem B. gender C. sex D. secondary sex characteristic
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A. less access to preschool services for African American children B. poverty and cultural bias in testing C. truancy and inadequate access to educational opportunities D. inadequate opportunities for self-expression
"Combat exhaustion" was once known as __________.
A. acute stress disorder B. shell shock C. PTSD D. war neurosis
Behavior therapists do not focus on:
a. the principles of classical conditioning c. specific problem behavior b. the underlying unconscious conflicts d. rewards to change behavior