Civil law refers to
a. disputes involving harms done to an individual, including injury and nuisance.
b. judicial decisions that have the force of law.
c. the idea of precedent being binding on future cases.
d. a system that allows judges more room to interpret the law, and their decisions set precedent for lower courts and future court rulings.
e. a system based on a strong adherence to existing statutes in which judges have little discretion to interpret the law.
E
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Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court case United States v. Lopez and the Court's overturning of the Violence Against Women Act?
A. They have not seriously undermined the extensive authority nationalization has thrust on the federal government. B. They continue the Supreme Court's long history of stripping away state prerogatives. C. They directly conflict with the Supreme Court's rulings regarding the Gun Free School Zones Act. D. They suggest that the Supreme Court is seeking to remove the last semblance of state independence in federal-state relations.
Jefferson's response to the appointment of members of the defeated Federalist Party by Adams to the federal judiciary was a complaint that ______.
A. the Federalists had "retired into the judiciary as a strong hold" B. those appointed to the federal bench by Adams were too old and viewed the job as a retirement of sorts C. he wanted to bring criminal charges against some of the men appointed to the judiciary by Adams but could not because of judicial immunity D. the judicial branch had exerted an unconstitutional independence
The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system
A) unipolar B) bipolar C) tripolar D) multipolar
When the 109th Congress convened in January 2005, the average age of House members was 32
Indicate whether the statement is true or false