Facial expressions do not always reveal the emotions underneath. The villain in Shakespeare's Henry VI said, "Why, I can smile, and murder while I smile; and cry content to that which grieves my heart;
and wet my cheeks with artificial tears, and frame my face to all occasions." How did Paul Ekman and his colleagues distinguish between authentic and false facial expressions of emotion?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
• Ekman and his associates developed a coding system to analyze and identify each of the nearly 80 facial muscles.
• Studying authentic and false expressions, Ekman was able to determine that they were not identical; they used different groups of muscles.
• When people try to pretend that they feel sad, only 15 percent manage to get the eyebrows, eyelids, and forehead wrinkle exactly right, mimicking the way true grief is expressed spontaneously.
• Authentic smiles last only two seconds; false smiles may last ten seconds or more, and rarely reach the eyes.
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