How do changes in the cerebral cortex contribute to development during early childhood?
What will be an ideal response?
Measures of neural activity reveal especially rapid growth from early to middle childhood in prefrontal-cortical areas devoted to aspects of executive function: inhibition, working memory, flexibility of thinking, and planning. Furthermore, for most children, the left cerebral hemisphere is especially active between ages 3 and 6 years and then levels off. In contrast, activity in the right hemisphere increases steadily throughout early and middle childhood. Differences in rate of development between the two hemispheres suggest they are continuing to lateralize, or specialize in cognitive functions.
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Ashley is a person whose friends describe her as calm, even-tempered, self-content, comfortable, unemotional, and hardy. According to the Big Five personality trait theory, Ashley would be very a. low in extraversion
b. high in openness to experience. c. low in neuroticism. d. high in conscientiousness.
Chomsky radically changed the course of psychology by showing that:
a. language acquisition cannot be explained using operant principles b. learned behavior is eventually displaced by instinctual behavior c. some associations are more easily learned than others d. language is explained in the same way as any other form of learned behavior
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of college students with high needs for achievement?
a. They earn better grades and excel in their occupations. b. They are less likely to renew their efforts when they perform poorly. c. They attribute failure to insufficient effort. d. They attribute their success to their own ability.
Some of the reasons why poverty exerts an influence on IQ include the following EXCEPT
a. children in low-income families may be undernourished, which may inhibit brain growth. b. stress related to financial hardships may negatively impact parenting. c. individuals who experience poverty are often less educated and may not be aware of the need to stimulate their infants with appropriate toys or books. d. impoverished parents often speak to infants in ways that discourage creative thinking.