A deletion in an operon removes the promoter. How will that affect the transcript that is produced from the operon?
A. The transcript will be produced and normal in length
B. The transcript will be produced, but shorter than normal
C. The transcript will be produced, but longer than normal
D. The transcript will produced, but will contain a deletion
E. The transcript will not be produced
E
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Which of the following statements concerning tumor necrosis factors (TNF) is false?
a. TNF can be secreted by macrophages. b. TNF may stimulate the inflammatory response. c. The release of large amounts of TNF brings down a high fever. d. TNF kills cancer cells. e. TNF can be secreted by lymphocytes.
In what sense are studies by nineteenth-century naturalists and those by early twenty-first-century genomic biologists similar?
A) Both focused on cellular evolution. B) Both worked to understand how genes evolved. C) Both took a reductionist approach by studying only one small part of a complex system. D) Both focused on observing and describing what exists in their realms of investigation.
A newspaper headline reads "Acid Precipitation Not a Threat." The article states that the city's air and nitrogen oxides in the air and recording the pH of precipitation for the past five years. Air samples have been collected daily at two sites: at the busiest downtown intersection and at the entrance to a privately owned electrical power-generating station. On most days, the power station is downwind from the downtown area.
Over the period studied, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides have increased at both sites, with the power station always having higher levels than the downtown site. However, at no time in the past five years have any of the pollutant levels exceeded the nationally acceptable standards. Moreover, the pH of precipitation has remained essentially the same (slightly acidic) at both monitoring sites throughout the period. City officials have concluded that there is no immediate reason for alarm, that acid precipitation has not been a problem, but that monitoring should continue. The news article, however, goes on to point out that not everyone agrees with the city officials. One resident living 10 miles outside the city is quoted: "The trees on our streets and in our yards are dying from acid precipitation. Five years ago, all our trees were healthy, but we've lost a dozen in this neighborhood in the past two years. We're directly downwind from that power plant, and I know acid rain killed my trees. My neighbors and I are going to sue the power company for losses. " Do you think these residents have the scientific evidence needed to win their lawsuit? Why or why not?
A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is a reactant is known as a (dehydration/hydrolysis) reaction.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).