Which of the following statements is true about noncriminogenic needs?

A. They are not proven to be correlated with the risk of reoffending.
B. Their reduction should be the primary aim of probation programming.
C. They are more predictive of recidivism than criminogenic needs.
D. They include low stability in school and employment.


A. They are not proven to be correlated with the risk of reoffending.

Criminal Justice

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Thornberry, Ireland, and Smith (2001) conclude that persistent maltreatment has more negative consequences

a) when it is experienced only in childhood. b) when it continues into adolescence. c) the earlier in childhood it begins. d) when it is perpetrated by both parents.

Criminal Justice

The ___________ created the AFIS process

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

If there is a question about the admissibility of a new type of scientific test at trial, the judge will:

a. hold a voir dire hearing. b. hold a probable cause hearing. c. admit the test results if the expert has a good reputation for honesty. d. tell the jurors to infer the test is valid unless they have a reasonable doubt about its accuracy.

Criminal Justice

According to PC 1202.1, a convict must submit to testing of his blood or saliva for _______ within 180 days.

a. Tuberculosis b. Meningitis c. AIDS d. Hepatitis C

Criminal Justice