In designing organizational training programs, I/O psychologists are mindful of the basic principles that govern the learning and remembering of new information and skills. List and describe four of the five areas that such training programs must be mindful of.
What will be an ideal response?
(1) Transfer of training-Creating training materials that will allow employees to take the information and skills that they acquire during training and apply them to on-the-job activities. Training that cannot be transferred into actual skills does not provide a good use of the company's or employee's time.(2) Feedback-The trainer must provide feedback-positive reinforcement for tasks that are mastered and critical feedback and suggestions for improvement for those that are not-so that the employee can grow and refine her/his skills.(3) Training in General Principles-Focusing not only on exactly what the employee should do but also why they should do them (and want to do them) within the context of the company.(4) Overlearning-Learning and practicing skills until they become so automatic that an employee can do them without thinking too much about them and, in some cases, while also accomplishing other tasks. An example from everyday life is learning to drive until one drives without thinking about every action needed to be a safe driver.(5) Sequencing-Training that emphasizes distributed training over massed training.
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"Look at them. They've got green hair! I bet they're terrible people, get poor grades, and take drugs." What area of psychology is best suited for studying how people make judgments of others based on physical appearance?
A. forensic psychology B. social psychology C. personality psychology D. counseling psychology
One type of mental shortcut makes some things easier to remember. Which is it?
A. anchoring and adjustment heuristic B. availability heuristic C. confirmation bias D. hindsight bias
In emerging adulthood, _______________________________
a. rates of residential change in American society are much higher at ages 18 to 29 than at any other period of life b. there is a sense of optimism about being able to "get where I want to be in life" among those from individualistic cultures, but not for those from collectivistic cultures c. the focus on self-exploration means that individuals are more egocentric than their adolescent counterparts d. the feeling "in-between" is unique to those in the United States and Canada because emerging adults in other cultures tend to remain at home, rather than moving out
Which of the following best describes the stability of temperament over time?
A. Temperament is fixed at the time of birth and remains stable in an individual across their lifespan. B. Temperament is relatively stable but increasingly interacts with the environment over time. C. Temperament is variable in young children but becomes stable beginning in adolescence. D. Temperament is variable from the time of birth and fluctuates throughout the lifespan.