Each of the following is true for the mechanism of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump except
A) the E2 conformation is open to the outside of the cell and has high affinity for K+.
B) the E1 conformation is open to the inside of the cell and has high affinity for Na+.
C) Na+ triggered phosphorylation of the pump stabilizes the E2 conformation.
D) K+ triggered dephosphorylation of the pump stabilizes the E2 conformation.
E) Each E1-E2 cycle pumps 3 Na+ ions out and 2 K+ ions in.
Answer: D
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Over the past several decades, populations of Staphylococcus aureus (a type of bacteria that infects wounds) have become resistant to penicillin. You run the following experiment:
As mentioned above, resistance to penicillin is a different biological mechanism than resistance to antibiotic X. What is the probable origin of antibiotic X resistance in these cells? A. The cells probably developed resistance to antibiotic X by undergoing mutation when exposed to the drug, and thus survived the exposure. B. A small percentage of the cells had preexisting mutations that confer resistance to antibiotic X. These cells survived exposure to the drug. C. Either of the other two options could be correct because both happen often in nature. More information is needed to answer the question.
One important aspect of self-incompatibility is to prevent:
A. expression of deleterious homozygous recessive genes B. genes that may prevent pollen germination C. factors that keep pollen from developing D. matings between different species of plants E. adherence of pollen to the stigma surface
Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness, and abscesses are indications of ________.
A. latency B. a syndrome C. inflammation D. sequelae E. toxemia
Plants need both macronutrients and micronutrients to grow. Which chemical is a plant micronutrient?
A) nitrogen B) iron C) magnesium D) sulfur