One of the major criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory is that it
a. claims the higher stages are hierarchical.
b. contradicts Piaget’s theory.
c. ignores learning through observation.
d. does not focus enough on justice.
ANSWER: a
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A third grade teacher feels that vocabulary instruction will help her children improve their reading scores. Half of her class receives vocabulary instruction, while the other half has a library period. She will compare reading scores after four months. The external validity question in this study would be:
a. is vocabulary instruction worth the time it involves? b. was vocabulary instruction really responsible for the observed difference in reading scores? c. would vocabulary instruction improve reading scores for all third graders? d. should the teacher have exposed all the students to vocabulary instruction?
Adding infant cereal to formula in the bottle will not:
A) increase a baby's likelihood to sleep through the night. B) increase the risk of acquiring allergies. C) decrease the nutrients of breast milk or formula. D) put the baby at risk for obesity.
Which best reflects a raw score?
a. Emma completed 80% of the problems correctly. b. Emma’s score is higher than 80% of other children her age. c. Emma was given a test under the same conditions as other test takers. d. Emma’s score shows that she has mastered the learning objectives established for fourth graders.
Examples of context clues are
a. synonyms b. antonyms c. definitions d. all of the above.