Describe the difference between a replication error and a mutation
What will be an ideal response?
A replication error occurs during the process of replication. Errors can include having the the wrong base is added, losing a nucleotide or adding an extra nucleotide. The result is the DNA strand will no longer be complementary to its parent strand. Replication errors are quite common mistakes. Because of this, there are repair mechanisms in place to fix replication errors. For example, DNApolymerases also proofread their work and correct a mismatch by reversing the synthesis reaction to remove the mispaired nucleotide, then resuming synthesis in the forward direction.
Replication errors also occur after the cell's DNA gets broken or otherwise damaged, because DNA polymerases do not copy damaged DNA very well. In most cases, repair enzymes and other proteins remove and replace damaged or mismatched bases in DNA before replication begins.
A mutation occurs when a replication error is not fixed (proofreading and repair mechanisms fail). A mutation is a permanent change in a cell's DNA sequence and it is passed on to all of its descendant cells.
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Which of the following is the correct order of events in a crawling cell?
A) protrusion at the cell's leading edge, attachment of protrusion, pulling the cell forward, release and retraction of trailing edge B) attachment of protrusion, pulling the cell forward, protrusion at the cell's leading edge, release and retraction of trailing edge C) release and retraction of protrusion, protrusion at the cell's leading edge, attachment of trailing edge, pulling the cell forward D) attachment of protrusion, protrusion at the cell's leading edge, pulling the cell forward, release and retraction of trailing edge E) pulling the cell forward, release and retraction of protrusion, protrusion at the cell's leading edge, attachment of trailing edge
The clonal selection theory states that
A. all T cells are exact clones of each other. B. all B cells are exact clones of each other. C. when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antigen, it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antigen. D. when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antibody, it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antibody.
Hawks that eat field mice are practicing mutualism
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
The experiments conducted by John T. Needham using infusions were interpreted as supporting the theory of
A) antisepsis. B) bioremediation. C) spontaneous generation. D) etiology. E) chemotherapy.