Which of the following statements is not true regarding the expectancy approach to motivation?
a. Performance on a task is simply the influence of three types of beliefs: instrumentality, valence, and expectancy.
b. The expectancy means that a person's effort will influence his/her performance.
c. The valence belief means that the rewards have a particular value to the individual.
d. The instrumentality belief means that one's performance will be rewarded appropriately.
e. All of the above are true.
A
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Research on effective teaching might suggest that reform projects include a focus on
a. organization of content. b. parental support. c. classroom management. d. standardized achievement test scores.
What is involved in “close reading”?
a. Considering each word’s denotations and connotations. c. Considering the purpose of the material and identifying its themes. b. Analyzing the selection’s figurative language. d. All of the above.
_________________ is the process of identifying young children who may be at risk for disability, through careful record-keeping
a. Assessment b. Consultation c. Child Find d. Testing
Learning to read and write must be
a. taught to young children before first grade. b. converted by young children into the language module of the brain. c. experienced by young children as soon as possible. d. repeated over and over until young children learn.