A patient who has been taking a benzodiazepine as a sleep aid for several months wishes to stop taking the medication. The nurse will suggest that the patient taper the dose gradually to avoid which effect?
a. Depression
b. Hangover
c. Hypnotic rebound
d. Withdrawal
ANS: D
Benzodiazepines cause tolerance which means that abrupt cessation can result in withdrawal symptoms such as tremors and muscle twitching. A hangover is residual drowsiness that occurs the day after taking a hypnotic.
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A 5-year-old boy has been admitted with severe asthma. His initial PaCO2 was 30 mm Hg. One hour later his PaCO2 is 45 mm Hg, and 1 hour after that, his PaCO2 is 56 mm Hg. Which of the following interventions would be anticipated?
a. High-dose steroids c. Fluid resuscitation with normal saline b. Chest percussion and vibration d. Mechanical ventilation
The nurse making the initial assessment of a burned patient in the emergency room observes that the entire right arm (anterior and posterior), right anterior leg, chest, and abdomen are covered with reddened skin and blisters
Using the Rule of Nines, the nurse estimates the percentage of burn to be______%. ANS:
A client in an acute medicine unit of a hospital with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction is complaining of intense, diffuse pain in her abdomen. Which of the following physiological phenomena is most likely contributing to her complaint?
A) Nociceptive afferents are conducting the sensation of pain along the cranial and spinal nerve pathways of the ANS. B) First-order neurons are inappropriately signaling pain to the dorsal root ganglion. C) The client is experiencing neuropathic pain. D) The client's C fibers are conducting pain in the absence of damaged A? fibers.
Regulation of the gastrointestinal system requires which two mechanisms?
1. Neural control and cardiovascular control 2. Secretion of hormones and kidney filtration 3. Neural control and secretions of hormones 4. Cardiovascular control and kidney filtration