How did the historical period in which these theories emerged shape their early development?
What will be an ideal response?
The origins of the positivist approach can be traced back to the Enlightenment, or Age of Reason. This era was characterized by a collection of political, philosophical, and religious upheavals that occurred during the 17th and 18th centuries that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and the monarchies in Europe. Spurred by the invention of the printing press, many discovered philosophy and literature, shared new ideas, and rediscovered old ideas. The approach embraced by biological positivists must be seen as a reaction to the free-will perspective endorsed by classical school thinkers. Positivists attempted to explore these individual characteristics leading to criminality by applying the scientific method to crime.
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What was noted about the success of the Integrated Criminal Apprehension Program?
a. it was very successful b. it was limited due to the complexity of the concept c. no one could determine its level of success d. no city saw any benefit to it
In allowing for legal representation on appeal, the Supreme Court of the United States has determined that state courts systems must allow defendants the opportunity to have proper assistance of counsel that is equal in all respects to the level of
competence that could be obtained by hiring a private appellate attorney. Indicate whether the statement is true or false
______ is usually a training problem, the result of ineptitude or insensitivity.
A. Brutality B. Cruelty C. Unnecessary force D. Assault
Which of the following is NOT typically used to perform female circumcisions?
a. Surgical tools b. Sharp stones c. Razors d. Pieces of glass