Sympathetic effects tend to last ________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that ________
A) longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)
B) shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
C) shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
D) longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down
E) about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters
D
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A volleyball player depends on the gastrocnemius muscles for plantar flexion, whereas a marathon runner depends more on the soleus muscles for the same action. What characteristic of the soleus muscles makes this so?
A. They don't have as many blood capillaries per gram of tissue. B. They break ATP down to ADP and Pi faster. C. They make more use of aerobic respiration. D. They have smaller mitochondria. E. They have more glycogen in them.
Which of the following statements regarding the vestibular system is TRUE?
A. Hair cells in the cochlea are involved in the detection of movement and position of the head. B. The utricle and saccule are mainly responsible for detecting angular rotation of the head. C. The vestibular apparatus is principally involved in our ability to detect and interpret sound. D. Deflection of the basilar membrane by fluid moving within the semicircular canals allows us to detect rotational movement of the head. E. Receptors in the utricle and saccule detect changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Normal body temperature range is 98.6-100°F, regardless of external temperature. 2. A deficit of potassium can cause rickets. 3. It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body. 4. The body's thermoregulatory centers are located in the thalamus. 5. Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.
The swallowing center is located in the
a. cerebral cortex. b. medulla. c. hypothalamus. d. throat. e. spinal cord.