In planning the care of a postoperative client who uses caffeine and nicotine in large quantities, the nurse might want to observe for signs and symptoms of:
1. lower pain threshold.
2. depression.
3. cardiac dysrhythmias.
4. physical and psychological withdrawal.
Answer: 4
1. These substances do not affect pain threshold.
2. These substances do not cause depression.
3. Overdose of these substances can cause cardiac dysrhythmias.
4. These substances cause both physical (headaches, nervousness, and anxiety) and psychological (cravings) withdrawal symptoms. Tapering the use of the substance helps to reduce the symptoms.
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