There is little agreement among researchers that punishment has a ______ effect.

a. retributive
b. rehabilitative
c. restorative
d. deterrent


Ans: D

Criminal Justice

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Criminal organizations are different from legitimate businesses because they do not focus on business principles to conduct their criminal activities

a. True b. False

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Effective managerial leaders display

a. idiosyncratic traits b. charismatic qualities c. an assumed role d. functionality e. none of the above

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________ is a sentencing principle that objectively counts an offender's criminal history in sentencing decisions

A) Proportionality B) Deterrence C) Equity D) Social debt

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SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. The performance measures that were developed by the Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators outline a high level of functioning in ______.

A. behavior supervision B. safety C. reintegration D. health and mental health

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