In which of the following ways could signal transduction most probably be explored in research to treat cancer?
A) removal of serine/threonine phosphate acceptors from transduction pathways in colon pre-cancerous growths
B) alteration of protein kinases in cell cycle regulation in order to slow cancer growth
C) increase in calcium ion uptake into the cytoplasm in order to modulate the effects of environmental carcinogens
D) expansion of the role of transduction inhibitors in the cells before they give rise to cancer
E) increase in the concentration of phosphodiesterases in order to produce more AMP
Ans: B) alteration of protein kinases in cell cycle regulation in order to slow cancer growth
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What does the process of extravasation involve?
A. movement of phagocytes from the bloodstream into infected tissue B. the engulfing of a pathogen by a phagocyte C. release of chemical signals such as histamines or cytokines D. coating of a pathogen with C-reactive protein
Neuropeptide neurotransmitters ____
a. can act as direct neurotransmitters between neurons and muscle cells b. can act as postsynaptic membrane inhibitors c. directly open K+ channels to inhibit neurons d. can act as pain reducers and initiate euphoria e. directly inhibit euphoria
Four of the five systems listed below are produced
by the same germ layer. Select the exception. a. nervous b. muscle c. circulatory d. reproductive e. excretory
Some molecular data place the giant panda in the bear family (Ursidae) but place the lesser panda in the raccoon family (Procyonidae)
If the molecular data best reflect the evolutionary history of these two groups, then the morphological similarities of these two species is most likely due to _____. A) the inheritance of acquired characteristics B) sexual selection C) possession of analogous (convergent) traits D) possession of shared primitive characters