Early in the 20th century, addiction researchers hypothesized the existence of an autotoxin—a metabolite of opium that stayed in the body long after the drug was gone and made the person sick. They proposed that the presence of this autotoxin was
responsible for the compulsive drug use that marks addiction because opium administration could antagonize the autotoxin’s unpleasant effects. In operant conditioning terms, these researchers were proposing a _________________ explanation of addiction.
a. positive punishment
b. positive reinforcement
c. negative punishment
d. negative reinforcement
e. classical
Answer: D
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In discussing the social aspects of language, psycholinguistics researchers sometimes use a metaphor of two people dancing. Why is this metaphor appropriate?
a. because one person must lead and the other must follow b. because two people must coordinate their efforts c. because one person is usually a novice and the other is an expert d. because each person is trying to impress the other person
People in bereavement are expected to become dependent on others and seek competent professional assistance
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is a condition in which inadequate levels of sound reach the cochlea?
A. macular degeneration B. presbyopia C. conductive hearing loss D. sensorineural hearing loss
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
Among individuals with anxiety disorders, the brain shows overactivity in the salience network and underactivity in the default network