While playing house, 3-year-old Aisha uses a straw as a "bottle" to feed her doll. Aisha has begun to grasp ________.
A. egocentrism
B. animistic thinking
C. conservation
D. dual representation
Answer: D
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Frieda used to be afraid of dental visits because she associated the sound of the drill with pain. However, Frieda's new dentist is "painless" and the sound of the drill is no longer associated with pain. Consequently, Frieda finds her fear of dental visits has disappeared. Frieda's change in responsiveness to dental visits illustrates the classical conditioning process referred to as:
a. extinction b. spontaneous recovery c. conditioned inhibition d. second-order conditioning
When people assume that the actions of actors in television programs are due to the personalities of the actors rather than the obvious external cause that they are playing a character, these television viewers are exhibiting
a. social biasing. b. the fundamental attribution error. c. perceptual discrimination. d. groupthink.
Which of the following is NOT an effective technique for antismoking education aimed at adolescents?
A) Having the program be peer-led rather than adult-led B) Incorporating group discussion into the program C) Basing the program primarily on increasing knowledge about the hazards of smoking D) Having a schoolwide policy against tobacco use
Baby Rina, who is still developing the expertise at motor skills necessary for the search task, is more likely to make the A-not-B search error because
A) she does not yet understand object permanence. B) her short attention span prevents her from thinking beyond A. C) her reaching scheme is limited to reflexive actions. D) she has little attention left to focus on inhibiting her habitual reach toward A in favor of B.