What do the outbreak of the plague in Marseille and the publication of the Encyclopédie reveal about the impact of the Enlightenment on France in the eighteenth century?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
a. The institutional barriers to keep disease out of Marseille reflected the rationality of the Enlightenment.
b. However, the self-serving interests of the people charged with enforcing the rules rendered those barriers ineffective.
c. Irrational explanations for the disease gained a ready audience (e.g., the belief that dogs were spreading the disease).
d. As the disease swept through the city, people turned to religion.
e. Traditional religious explanations that God unleashed the plague on sinners remained influential.
f. Secular explanations such as those advanced by Jean-Baptiste Bertrand reflected the influence of Enlightenment thinking.
g. Bertrand called for more scientific training for medical professionals, more social discipline from the civilian population, and the avoidance of conflicts of interest among officials charged with public health.
h. The Encyclopédie represented the culmination of Enlightenment thought.
i. Contributors were drawn from the French “Republic of Letters” in the mid-eighteenth century.
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The British products purchased by Native Americans included
A. the same cotton cloth made for the colonists. B. cotton cloth made especially for them. C. kettles, axes, and muskets that were different from those purchased by the colonists. D. kettles, axes, and muskets that were identical to those purchased by the colonists.
What elements of romanticism can be found in mid-nineteenth-century American art and literature?
What will be an ideal response?
Beginning in 1947, the United States' policy of "containment" was
A. None of these answers is correct. B. both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years, and an extension of the Atlantic Charter. C. the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years. D. first applied in Poland. E. an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
What was the most serious problem with scientific theory contradicting what was said in the Bible?
a) It was heresy, and potentially a capital offense, to deny any part of the Bible. b) People would not believe anything that appeared to contradict the Bible, no matter what the evidence. Consider This: Why was it important in post-Reformation Europe to have a unified system of science and religion? See 3.1: Something Particularly European. c) Scientists often changed their findings to align more closely with Scripture. Consider This: Why was it important in post-Reformation Europe to have a unified system of science and religion? See 3.1: Something Particularly European. d) Scientists frequently chose to do experiments to disprove biblical narratives. Consider This: Why was it important in post-Reformation Europe to have a unified system of science and religion? See 3.1: Something Particularly European.