Each of the following general equations illustrates what basic type of chemical reaction?
a. AB + CD ? AD + CB ______________
b. A + B ? AB ______________
c. A + BC ? AC + B ______________
d. AB ? A + B ______________
a. double-replacement
b. combination
c. single-replacement
d. decomposition
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Mercury flows inside a copper tube 9 m long with a 5.1 cm inside diameter at an average velocity of 7 m/s. The temperature at the inside surface of the tube is 38°C uniformly throughout the tube, and the arithmetic mean bulk temperature of the mercury is 66°C. Assuming the velocity and temperature profiles are fully developed, calculate the rate of heat transfer by convection for the 9 m length by considering the mercury as (a) an ordinary liquid and (b) liquid metal. Compare the results.
GIVEN
FIND
The rate of heat transfer for the 9 m length considering mercury as
(a) an ordinary liquid, and
(b) a liquid metal
ASSUMPTIONS
Steady state
Fully developed flow
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
for mercury at the bulk temperature of 66°C
A confined gas has an average energy/molecule of 60. meV. If the pressure is tripled and the volume is reduced by a factor of 3, what now is the average energy?
A) 0.18 eV B) 0.10 eV C) 0.06 eV D) 0.02 eV E) 0.03 eV
What happens to the kinetic energy of a speedy proton when its relativistic mass doubles?
A) It doubles. B) It more than doubles. C) It less than doubles. D) It must increase, but it is impossible to say by how much.
The walls of a typical industrial furnace used for the heat treating of the metal are usually a composite structure made up of layers of fire brick, high temperature insulation, steel plates, and outer surface cladding. Radiant tubes/beams and/or combustion burners inside the furnace provide the requisite heat. Consider plain surface of such furnace wall where the inner wall surface is heated to 850°C by radiant heating from hot gases at 2000 °C with a heat flux of 45,000W/m2 . The convection heat transfer coefficient of hot gases inside the furnace is estimated to be is 15 W/(m2 K), the thermal conductance per unit area of the composite wall is 250 W/(m2 K), and there is convection at the outer surface of the furnace to the ambient air at T?. Sketch the thermal resistance circuit
for the heat transfer in this system, and calculate the total heat flow per unit area through the composite wall and the exterior wall surface temperature. Also if outside air temperature is T?=30°C, estimate the average convection heat transfer coefficient at the exterior surface.
GIVEN
FIND
(a) Draw the thermal circuit
(b) Rate of heat flow per unit area (q/A)
(c) The exterior surface temperature (Two)
(d) Average convection heat transfer coefficient at exterior surface.
ASSUMPTIONS
- Heat flow through the wall is one dimensional
- Steady state prevails
SKETCH
