The health care provider orders a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) machine to provide pain relief for a patient with acute surgical pain who has never received opioids in the past
Which nursing actions regarding opioid administration are appropriate at this time (select all that apply)?
a. Assess for signs that the patient is becoming addicted to the opioid.
b. Monitor for therapeutic and adverse effects of opioid administration.
c. Emphasize that the risk of some opioid side effects increases over time.
d. Teach the patient about how analgesics improve postoperative activity levels.
e. Provide instructions on decreasing opioid doses by the second postoperative day.
ANS: B, D
Monitoring for pain relief and teaching the patient about how opioid use will improve postoperative outcomes are appropriate actions when administering opioids for acute pain. Although postoperative patients usually need a decreasing amount of opioids by the second postoperative day, each patient's response is individual. Tolerance may occur, but addiction to opioids will not develop in the acute postoperative period. The patient should use the opioids to achieve adequate pain control, and so the nurse should not emphasize the adverse effects.
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