Which ecological role is least likely to be performed by bryophytes?
a. enhancing the water-holding capacity of garden soil
b. stabilizing soil surfaces with a biological crust in harsh places
c. supplying a food source for animals in the arctic tundra
d. providing pollination services for agricultural crops
e. helping to build soil on bare rock
ANSWER: d
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Which of the following are examples of convergent evolution in plants? Select all correct choices
A. the vascular cambia of gymnosperms and angiosperms B. the vascular cambia of quillworts (Isoetes) and angiosperms C. water transport in ferns and some bryophytes D. the leaves of lycophytes and gymnosperms E. pollen in angiosperms and gymnosperms
Which of the following short descriptions best describes the body plan of modern sponges?
a. an aggregation of cells built around a water canal system b. a complete gut with an anterior mouth and posterior anus c. a complete gut with one opening serving as both mouth and anus d. a mouth connected to a blind sac in which digestion occurs e. an aggregation of cells in a random arrangement
In addition to being an energy source, fats are used to make _____.
A. amino acids B. nucleic acids C. steroids D. skin cells E. carbohydrates
What are NOD proteins?
A) cytoplasmic receptors of microbial molecules B) cellular signals triggering inflammation C) receptors of microbial molecules in phagocyte cell membranes D) activators of complement E) chemotactic factors