Explain the three steps involved in urine formation.

What will be an ideal response?


Glomerular filtration: water, salts, nutrient molecules, and waste molecules move from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule. 
Tubular reabsorption: nutrient and salt molecules are actively reabsorbed from the convoluted tubules into the peritubular capillary network, and water flows passively. 
Tubular secretion: certain ions and molecules are actively secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules.

Biology & Microbiology

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Mammals have a family of 500 and 1000 genes that encode receptor proteins on the surface of odor-receptor neurons. If all mammals have these genes, why do some mammals have a better sense of smell than others do?

A) Some of the genes actively transcribing receptor proteins in some species are completely absent in other species. B) Some of the genes may have been mutated and rendered inactive in some species but not in others. C) Some species, particularly humans, rely much less on odor detection for survival; thus, the genes have mutated to encode proteins that aid in other senses, such as sight. D) Some species of mammals have a larger set of "basic odors" than other species.

Biology & Microbiology

Discuss why a doctor would prescribe an ACE inhibitor to a patient with a history of high blood

pressure. What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

What is an intentionally ineffective treatment given to members of a control group in an experiment?

What will be an ideal response?

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following sets of values would result in a population with a growth rate of zero?

a. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 750, e = 1000 b. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 1000, e = 1000 c. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 1500, e = 1000 d. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 0, e = 1000 e. b = 1000, d = 500, i = 500, e = 1000

Biology & Microbiology