According to Albert Bandura's approach to psychology, _____
a. learning can occur without direct reinforcement
b. animals of the same species are studied during mutual interaction
c. internal variables and processes are negligible
d. each person is unique as defined by his or her traits
ANS: A
FEEDBACK: The focus on learning by observation or example, rather than always by direct reinforcement, is a distinctive feature of Bandura's theory. Rather than experiencing reinforcement ourselves for each of our actions, we learn through vicarious reinforcement by observing the behavior of other people and the consequences of that behavior.
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