What is a physiologic effect of immobilization on children?
a. Metabolic rate increases.
b. Venous return improves because the child is in the supine position.
c. Circulatory stasis can lead to thrombus and embolus formation.
d. Bone calcium increases, releasing excess calcium into the body (hypercalcemia).
ANS: C
The physiologic effects of immobilization, as a result of decreased muscle contraction, include venous stasis. This can lead to pulmonary emboli or thrombi. The metabolic rate decreases with immobilization. With the loss of muscle contraction, there is a decreased venous return to the heart. Calcium leaves the bone during immobilization, leading to bone demineralization and increasing the calcium ion concentration in the blood.
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