Ella has experienced a prolonged and deep depression
She turned to legal prescriptions to treat her problem and became addicted. In Ella's case, her primary disorder of depression was complicated with a secondary, substance- related disorder, which illustrates
a. how comorbidity occurs.
b. a conversion reaction.
c. an adjustment disorder.
d. how neurosis develops.
ANSWER: a
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According to Guthrie, the strength of an S-R association reaches its maximum value ______.
A. at the first pairing B. at the third pairing C. at the 10th pairing D. at the last pairing
All of the following are examples of reinforcement schedules EXCEPT
a. fixed ratio. c. fixed intermittent. b. variable ratio. d. fixed interval.
Oxygen deprivation in neurons leads to a "cascade" of enzyme activity triggered by abnormally
A. high levels of sodium activity. B. low levels of sodium activity. C. high levels of calcium activity. D. high levels of potassium activity.
Schacter and Singer believed that the physiological arousal associated with an emotion ______.
A. determines what the particular emotion is B. is irrelevant to the cognitive assessment of the situation C. contributes only to the emotion's intensity D. is only important in strong negative emotions like fear and anger