What is a private cost of production? What is a social cost of production? When is the private cost of production equal to the social cost of production?
What will be an ideal response?
Private cost of production is the cost borne by the producer of a good or service. Social cost of production is the total cost of producing a good or service, including both the private cost and any external cost. The private cost and the social cost are equal when no externalities exist.
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Automobile manufacturers commonly sell new car models at the full suggested retail price during the first few years the car is on the market, and they do not offer rebates or discounts
After the initial sales period, the manufacturers typically offer rebates or discounts on these models. The marginal cost of manufacturing the cars is constant across time. Which of the following statements is true? A) The firms practice peak-load pricing by charging a higher price in the initial sales period. B) Early buyers have higher reservation prices for the new models, and the manufacturers maximize profits by charging these buyers a higher price. C) The marginal revenue from buyers who purchase these cars after the initial sales period must be lower that the marginal revenue from early buyers. D) To maximize profits, the firms equate the buyers' reservation prices across time.
Negative market feedback refers to a tendency for
A) one or two firms in an oligopolistic industry to respond to price decreases by initiating efforts to engage in price leadership. B) a particular product to fall out of favor with additional consumers because other consumers have stopped purchasing the product. C) the dominant firm in an oligopolistic industry to react to competing firms' price increases by decreasing the price of its own product. D) price wars to break out in oligopolistic industries in which firms produce products possessing characteristics that make them prone to network effects.
Schumpeter hypothesized that monopolies
a. do not maximize profits b. advertise extensively to keep out new entrants c. may charge a lower price than the price generated in a perfectly competitive market d. usually experience constant returns to scale e. have higher costs than smaller firms
What are the two largest categories of federal tax receipts?