Before conducting any study with human subjects, the nurse researcher must obtain informed consent. What must the nurse researcher ensure to obtain informed consent? (Select all that apply.)
a. Gives complete information about the purpose
b. Allows free choice to participate or withdraw
c. Understands how confidentiality is maintained
d. Identifies risks and benefits of participation
e. Ensures that subjects complete the study
ANS: A, B, C, D
Informed consent means that research subjects (1) are given full and complete information about the purpose of a study, procedures, data collection, potential harm and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment; (2) are capable of fully understanding the research and the implications of participation; (3) have the power of free choice to voluntarily consent or decline participation in the research; and (4) understand how the researcher maintains confidentiality or anonymity. Completion of the study is not needed for informed consent.
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