Squirting orange juice (US) into a monkey's mouth just after presenting a light (CS) is an
example of the classical procedure.
After several pairings of the two stimuli, single-cell
recordings from the _________show that cells that previously did not respond to the light
now do. This finding suggests a basis for __________.
a. brainstem; extinction
b. thalamus; conditioned reinforcers
c. ventral-tegmental area of the midbrain; blocking
d. frontal cortex; expectation
e. visual association cortex; discrimination
c. ventral-tegmental area of the midbrain; blocking
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Exposure to highly anxiety evoking stimuli for a prolonged period is referred to as
a. anxiety-reduction. b. flooding. c. desensitization. d. exhaustive exposure.
Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of dogs and they began to salivate. Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps. The salivation to the sound of the footsteps was a __________.
A. primary reinforcer B. positive reinforcer C. conditioned response D. secondary reinforcer
In several research studies, the incidence of same-gender sexual orientation was greater for those siblings of a gay male who were
A) ?an identical twin. B) ?a fraternal twin. C) ?an adoptive brother. D) ?a half-brother.
According to researchers, most sudden murderers tend to be
a. sexually disturbed. b. overcontrolled (restrained). c. prone to anger and aggression. d. emotionally expressive.