Which of the following does not produce a number with unit(s) equivalent to joules?
A. Multiplying a force in newtons by a distance in meters.
B. Multiplying a pressure in pascals by a volume in cubic meters.
C. Multiplying a mass in kilograms by a velocity in meters per second.
D. Multiplying a force in kilonewtons by a distance in millimeters.
E. All of the above produce numbers with units of joules.
A. Incorrect. One joule is one newton-meter, so this is the most straightforward way to calculate an energy in joules.
B. Incorrect. A pascal is a newton per square meter, so multiplying pascals by cubic meters produces a newton-meter.
C. Correct. Mass times velocity doesn’t produce a number with dimensions of energy, so it can’t be in joules. Mass times velocity squared is equivalent to energy.
D. Incorrect. A joule is one newton-meter. The conversion factors of 1000 for converting kilonewtons to newtons, and millimeters to meter, cancel each other, so the result is indeed in joules.
E. Incorrect. Check again. One of these does not produce a quantity in joules.
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