The nurse conducts a study that will follow a group of subjects for two decades. It involves one group of subjects who have a risk factor for developing diabetes and another group who do not have a risk factor
The goal is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the existence of the risk factor and the occurrence of diabetes. Which study design would be most appropriate?
A) Cohort
B) Case-control
C) Preventive
D) Therapeutic
Ans: A
Feedback:
Cohort studies, sometimes referred to as longitudinal studies, are prospective studies that monitor subjects over time to find associations between risk factors and health outcomes. In their simplest form, a sample (cohort) of subjects who are exposed to the risk factor(s) is matched with a sample of subjects not exposed to the risk factor. Cohort studies attempt to find cause-and-effect relationships. Case-control studies, also known as retrospective studies, work backward from the effect to the suspected cause. Subjects are selected on the basis of the presence or absence of the disease or outcome in question: one group of people (case-subjects) with the health problem and another group without the health problem (controls). The two groups are then compared to determine the presence of specific exposures or risk factors. A preventive study is focused on preventing the occurrence of disease in subjects. Therapeutic trials are based on secondary prevention, which focuses on limiting the spread of disease, and where the treatment (independent variable) is manipulated by the researcher.
You might also like to view...
A client with an anxiety disorder uses humor to conceal feelings of inadequacy. The client asks the nurse why the behavior is used. What should the nurse explain to the client?
1. The client is in denial. 2. The client is regressing. 3. The client is sublimating. 4. The client is attempting to cope.
One of the overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 is which of the following?
a. Ensure that all women get prenatal care b. Eliminate health disparities for poor immi-grants c. Eliminate epidemics in the world through immunization of children d. Attainment of high-quality, longer lives free of communicable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
A school nurse recognizes a belt buckle–shaped ecchymosis on a 7-year-old student. When privately asked about how the injury occurred, the student described falling on the playground
Upon suspecting abuse, the school nurse's best next action is which of the following? a. Interviewing the patient in the presence of his/her teacher b. Ignoring the findings because child abuse is a declining problem c. Realizing that abuse victims usually report abusive situations d. Contacting Social Services and reporting suspected abuse
The timing of the onset, duration, and termination of a drug's effect is called the ___________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).