An older patient asks a nurse, "It seems like all of my friends and I have difficulty sleeping. Is it common among older people?" The nurse formulates a response based on the knowledge that normal age-related changes in sleep include:
(Select all that apply.)
a. total sleep time and sleep efficiency are reduced.
b. rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is short-er, less intense, and more evenly distrib-uted.
c. sleep requirements for older adults are less than that of younger adults.
d. daytime napping is common.
e. sleep tends to be deeper in older adults than in younger adults.
ANS: A, B, D
Normal age-related changes in older adults include a reduced total sleep time and sleep efficien-cy and shorter, less intense, and more evenly distributed REM sleep. Older adults tend to nap during the daytime. Sleep requirements do not decrease as one ages. Sleep tends to be objectively and subjectively lighter in older adults.
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The nurse is recording a history for a child who has been diagnosed with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP). What is a finding that is characteristic of this disorder?
a. Morning headaches b. Pain for 3 consecutive months c. Febrile episodes in the late afternoon d. Diaphoresis when attacks occur
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which action by the nurse would decrease the risk of the client experiencing future UTIs?
A) Instruct the client to completely empty the bladder. B) Tell the client to increase sugar in the diet. C) Encourage the client to take bubble baths. D) Remind the client to wipe from back to front.
When assessing the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) or a rhythm strip, it is helpful to understand that the electrical activity is viewed in relation to the positive electrode of that particular lead
When an electrical signal is aimed directly at the positive electrode, the inflection will be: a. negative. b. upside down. c. upright. d. equally positive and negative.
The DSM-IV-TR is extremely useful in studying and treating mental illness because it:
a. allows for multiple interpretations of many classifications of disorders b. can be effectively used to make diagnoses by anyone working with those who are mentally ill c. lists only a few classifications of disorders, so not much must be learned d. provides a list of symptoms and standardized diagnostic criteria for each diagnosis