A mass of chewed food held together with saliva is called a bolus.

a. true
b. false


Ans: a. true

Biology & Microbiology

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Two researchers experimentally formed tetraploid frogs by fertilizing diploid eggs from Rana porosa brevipoda with diploid sperm from Rana nigromaculata. When they mated these tetraploid frogs with each other, most of the offspring that survived

to maturity were tetraploid, with chromosome sets of both diploid parent species. Based on these results, if this type of tetraploid formed in the wild, what would be the result? (Y. Kondo and A. Kashiwagi. 2004. Experimentally induced autotetraploidy and allotetraploidy in two Japanese pond frogs. Journal of Herpetology 38(3):381-92.) A) The two parent species would interbreed and fuse into one species. B) The two parent species would recognize each other as mates. C) The tetraploids would be reproductively isolated from both parent species. D) The tetraploids would be selected against.

Biology & Microbiology

Broad-spectrum antibiotics have minimal effect on the normal microbiota

Indicate whether this statement is true or false.

Biology & Microbiology

The openings in leaves that function to exchange gases are called:

a. cuticles b. stomata c. guard cells d. pits e. pores

Biology & Microbiology

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can remain in one location in our intestines. They would most likely contain which of the following?

A. flagella B. spirochetes C. glycocalyx D. pili E. cilia

Biology & Microbiology