Which group of bacteria is most famous for their diversity of antibiotics produced? Hypothesize an ecological role production of these antibiotics might have in such environments where they are not produced at high enough levels to kill bacteria
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The Streptomyces are well-known for producing hundreds of structurally diverse antibiotics. Even if their production levels in the natural environment are low, they might still serve as stressors to neighboring bacteria. Another possibility is production of certain antibiotics fosters a mutualistic relationship with other microorganisms that can catabolize the substrates. For antibiotics produced during stationary phase, a third possible role could be that they serve as signaling molecules for nutrient availability and/or cell concentration.
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The toxin of Vibrio cholerae causes severe diarrhea because it ____
a. modifies DAG and activates a cascade of protein kinases b. activates phospholipase to produce inositol triphosphate c. decreases the cytosolic concentration of Ca++ d. modifies a G protein involved in regulating salt and water secretion e. binds with adenylyl cyclase and triggers formation of cAMP
Which of the following is responsible for bringing amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain?
a. tRNA b. mRNA c. rRNA d. DNA
All human cells carry
a. one X and one Y chromosome b. at least one X chromosome c. at least one Y chromosome d. a pair of X chromosomes
Which mechanism have viroids evolved to stay stable outside host cells?
a. forming a hairpin-shaped double-stranded molecule with closed ends outside cells b. forming a protein capsid outside cells c. forming a protective polysaccharide sheath outside cells d. all of the above