Which of the following best describes a nurse thinking at stage 5 of Kohlberg's Moral Develop-mental Theory?
1. "The client has a right to decide whether or not to proceed with the treatment plan."
2. "The hospital's policies and procedures are excellent tools for making client ori-ented decisions."
3. "It won't be fair to expect to get every weekend and holiday off, so I'll certainly work my share."
4. "If you don't keep client information confidential you could be terminated im-mediately."
ANS: 1
The individual also recognizes that different social groups have different values but believes that all rational people would agree on basic rights, such as liberty and life. (Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation). Moral decisions take into account societal perspectives. Right behavior is doing one's duty, showing respect for authority, and maintaining the social order. (Stage 4: Socie-ty—Maintaining Orientation). The principles of justice require the individual to treat everyone in an impartial manner, respecting the basic dignity of all people, and guides the individual to base decisions on an equal respect for all. (Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation). Avoid-ance of punishment or the unquestioning deference to authority is the characteristic motivation to behave. (Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation)
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