The nurse is preparing to instruct a patient newly diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about dietary considerations. What should the nurse include in these instructions?
Select all that apply.
1. "Avoid peppermint."
2. "Meals should be small and more frequent."
3. "Have a bedtime snack."
4. "Be sure to eat at least one citrus fruit per day."
5. "Alcohol should be limited to two drinks per day."
Correct Answer: 1, 2
Fatty foods, chocolate, peppermint, and alcohol relax the lower esophageal sphincter or delay gastric emptying, so they should be avoided. Acidic foods such as citrus fruits should be eliminated from the diet. The patient should be advised to eat smaller meals and refrain from eating for 3 hours before bedtime.
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