What population areas are at increased risk of iodine deficiency?
What will be an ideal response?
Descriptions of goiter have been documented for many centuries in China and other parts of the world. Prior to World War I, goiter was very common in the Great Lakes region of the U.S., where the soil and lake waters are very low in iodine. Cretinism also was common in parts of the U.S. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population remains at risk of iodine deficiency. Many countries in the world still have iodine-deficient areas (Fig. 15-16). A higher incidence of iodine deficiency disorders occurs in areas of Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The discovery in the early 1920s, by scientists in the U.S. and Switzerland, that iodine can prevent the development of goiter resulted in the fortification of table salt in the U.S. and many other countries. Using a small amount of iodized salt has eradicated endemic iodine deficiency in these areas. Unfortunately, approximately 30% of households worldwide still do not have access to iodized salt.
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