Vertebral canal stenosis is associated with which one of the following?
A. Narrowing of the vertebral canal caused by bone growth or tissue hypertrophy
B. Compression of neural and vascular structures of the spinal cord
C. Radiating pain with numbness and loss of proprioception
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
ANS: D
Rationale: Vertebral canal stenosis causes narrowing of the vertebral canal (by bone growth or tissue hypertrophy), compression of neural and vascular structures of the spinal cord, and radiating pain with numbness and loss of proprioception. Clumsiness occurs secondary to lack of proprioception. Upper motor neuron signs may occur with cervical stenosis.
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