Tina is afraid of dogs. She has never had a bad experience with dogs, but her father was injured by a dog when he was a young boy. Tina's father goes to great lengths to avoid contact with dogs. What behavioral theory best explains Tina's fear of dogs?
a. classical conditioning
b. avoidance response
c. operant conditioning
d. observational learning
d
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Timmy believes he can avoid getting any older by not having any more birthday parties. Timmy is probably in which stage of cognitive development?
a. sensorimotor b. concrete operational c. preoperational d. formal operational
Several advantages exist regarding diagnosis of mental disorder. A primary advantage of diagnosis is
a. highly flexible criteria for defining mental disorders. b. communicating information. c. labeling patients so you can anticipate what to expect from them. d. all of these are advantages of diagnosis.
At first, Tom's father cheered every time Tom swung the bat. He gradually required Tom to make good swings before cheering, and eventually only a hit got a cheer. Tom's father used:
a. social learning b. shaping c. a fixed-ratio schedule d. modeling
Which of the following did Galton believe about individual differences?
a. They cannot be the result of evolution nor can they be inherited. b. They should be studied only if they involve positive attributes. c. If they are important, they should be measured. d. Their measurement is detrimental to society and should be avoided at all costs.