The purpose of random assignment to conditions is to
A. determine how likely it is that the results of a treatment were due to chance.
B. ensure there is an equal chance that participant characteristics will be distributed across the various groups.
C. determine whether the dependent variable and the independent variable have a positive correlation with each other.
D. combine the results of a number of similar studies.
Answer: B
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What does the peripheral nervous system do? a. It communicates between the spinal cord and the rest of the body. b. It controls the less important functions of the brain
c. It controls speech, gestures, and other means of communication. d. It controls cognitions, motivations, and emotions.
When you see WEST on the screen for a split second, you read it, but when you see W for the same brief time, you are not sure what it was. Your result illustrates which of the following?
a. Word-superiority effect b. Availability heuristic c. Encoding specificity d. Language acquisition device
Fill in the missing words using the options given. Methodological problems exist within many RCTs that compare NRT to (2) ______. This is because smokers in the (3) ______ condition can detect that they are not receiving any (4) ______ (Mooney, White, & Hatsukami, 2004; Polito, 2008). Dar, Stronguin and Etter (2005) found that (5) ______ group members were 3.3 times more likely to correctly guess that they had received placebo than to incorrectly guess that they had received nicotine (54.5% v. 16.4%). If the trials in a RCT are not (6) ______, the findings give a misleading picture of treatment effectiveness. Which word is a best fit?
A. nicotine B. control C. placebos D. placebo
The concordance rate for bipolar disorder among identical twins has been found to be about_________ percent.
A. 10-20 B. 25-40 C. 40-70 D. 70-85