Parmenides of Elea was the first philosopher to tackle the idea of permanence in the world. The tenets of his theory were

A) a person cannot step into the same river twice because the universe is constantly changing. Therefore, the universe cannot be understood.
B) motion and change are impossible because change requires motion, which requires empty space (which does not exist). Therefore, the universe is permanent.
C) the universe is immoveable until such a time as the deities choose to set it in motion. At that time, the universe becomes mutable.
D) Earth is unmoving as it is the focal point of the deities' activities. The universe around us, however, is ever changing and in constant motion. Therefore, the only thing that can be understood is the earth.
E) Earth is mutable but the universe remains unchanging as the deities command.


B

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