What was significant about the Massachusetts legislature’s authorization of Boston’s hiring of probation officers in 1878?
a. It marked the first time probationers received supervision.
b. It marked the first time probation officers received pay.
c. It marked the first time convicted offenders had an alternative to incarceration.
d. It marked the beginning of the first probation program in America.
b. It marked the first time probation officers received pay.
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The granting of nonmartial sexual access for remuneration is known as __________________
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What is a nominal caseload?
A. all cases assigned to an officer B. cases actually worked by detectives C. cases carrying a high degree of seriousness D. cases worth attempting to solve
In considering public policy about punishment, a utilitarian would argue that punishment is justified if:
a. The pain and suffering to those who are punished is outweighed by the benefits of punishment b. Those benefits cannot be achieved with less suffering c. Those benefits cannot be achieved at a lower cost to those who are being punished d. All of the above
The standard of proof that requires that the facts and evidence be entirely convincing is called ________.
A. the majority of the evidence B. proof beyond a reasonable doubt C. preponderance of the evidence D. overwhelming evidence E. None of the answers are correct.