The nurse will most likely prepare a medication teaching plan about antiretroviral therapy (ART) for which patient?
a. Patient who is currently HIV negative but has unprotected sex with multiple partners
b. Patient who was infected with HIV 15 years ago and now has a CD4+ count of 840/µL
c. HIV-positive patient with a CD4+ count of 160/µL who drinks a fifth of whiskey daily
d. Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
ANS: D
CMV retinitis is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness and indicates that the patient is appropriate for ART even though the HIV infection period is relatively short. An HIV-negative patient would not be offered ART. A patient with a CD4+ count in the normal range would not typically be started on ART. A patient who drinks alcohol heavily would be unlikely to be able to manage the complex drug regimen and would not be appropriate for ART despite the low CD4+ count.
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