Rising intracellular levels of which ion are necessary for neurotransmitter release from a neuron?
A. K+
B. Cl-
C. Mg2+
D. HCO3-
E. Ca2+
E. Ca2+
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What is NOT a reason that the kidneys are particularly prone to damage caused by immune complexes?
A. Kidney blood vessel wall cells have receptors for antibodies on them, which makes them soak up antibodies (or in this case, immune complexes) from the bloodstream. This blocks the kidneys up and causes them to malfunction and become damaged. B. Blood is pushed through the kidneys at a very high pressure-any blockage of the vessels (such as what might be caused by immune complex deposits) can lead to ruptures/inflammation and damage. C. While blood vessel walls do NOT have receptors for antibodies, large immune complexes forced through small diameter vessels can become embedded within them. This can trigger complement system inflammation and cell destruction. D. Trapped immune complexes that initiate inflammation can attract neutrophils. The neutrophils degranulate in the area of the immune complexes, leading to cell/tissue destruction.
Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
A. glucocorticoids B. epinephrine C. insulin D. glucagon E. melatonin
A woman has a son with her first partner, and that son has a son of his own-the grandchild of the original woman. The original woman also has a son with a second partner, who also grows up to have another son; a second grandchild. What is the relatedness between the grandchildren,
A. 0.0625 B. 0.25 C. 0.125 D. 0.875 E. 2
Bacterial intoxications differ from bacterial infections of the digestive system in that intoxications
A) are transmitted via contaminated water. B) are more severe. C) have shorter incubation times. D) are treated with antibiotics. E) are accompanied by high fever.