Discuss the development of memory in early childhood. Explain the various factors that influence memory in early childhood.
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. Children, like adults, often remember what they want to remember. By the age of four, children can remember events that occurred at least one and a half years earlier. Young children seem to form scripts, which are abstract, generalized accounts of repeated events.Even though children as young as one and two years of age can remember events, these memories seldom last into adulthood. This memory of specific events-known as autobiographical memory or episodic memory- is facilitated by children talking about the memories with others.Factors that affect memory include what the child is asked to remember, the interest level of the child, the availability of retrieval cues or reminders, and what memory measure we are using.First, children find it easier to remember events that follow a fixed and logical order than events that do not.Although young children can remember a great deal, they depend more than older children do on cues provided by others to help them retrieve their memories. Children's memory can often be measured or assessed by asking them to say what they remember.
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What can we conclude about interruption patterns in conversations?
a. Women often interrupt other women, especially to change the topic of the conversation. b. Men are especially likely to interrupt high-status men. c. Men interrupt more often than women interrupt, though not in all situations. d. In the current era, there are really no gender differences in interruption patterns.
Intelligence
a. is something you either have or do not have. b. is the same as achievement. c. can be accurately measured with traditional intelligence tests. d. cannot be seen, touched, or physically measured.
Kristina scored below average on an intelligence test in 5th grade. As a result, she was held back a year. Her parents and teachers developed low expectations for her. Ultimately, Kristina quit high school and took a low- paying job at a convenience store. This is an example of
a. self-fulfilling prophecy. b. culturally biased testing. c. lack of standardization. d. an unreliable intelligence test. e. mainstreaming.
Craig Ramey and other psychologists have produced research
that runs counter to the publication on race and IQ by Arthur Jensen in 1969. Jensen argued that "genetic differences" were the reason for the gap in IQ between races; however, Ramey and others suggest that racial differences were likely due to _____ and _____. Fill in the blank with correct word