A nurse reviews a client's laboratory results. Which findings should alert the nurse to the possibility of atherosclerosis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Total cholesterol: 280 mg/dL
b. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 50 mg/dL
c. Triglycerides: 200 mg/dL
d. Serum albumin: 4 g/dL
e. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 160 mg/dL
ANS: A, C, E
A lipid panel is often used to screen for cardiovascular risk. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are all high, indicating higher risk for cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is within the normal range for both males and females. Serum albumin is not assessed for atherosclerosis.
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Which of the following statements best conveys an aspect of the role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
A) It provides physical protection for the brain and ensures that leukocytes and erythrocytes are evenly distributed in the CNS. B) CSF cushions the brain and provides a near-water medium for diffusion of nutrients. C) CSF distributes plasma proteins throughout the superficial gray matter of the CNS. D) It ensures that the high metabolic and oxygenation needs of the brain are met, as well as absorbing physical shocks.
A client who has been experiencing dysmenorrhea has come to the ambulatory care clinic. The health care provider has diagnosed the presence of endometriosis. The client asks how this condition is responsible for her pain
What information should be included in the teaching provided? 1. The endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus responds to the hormones responsible for the menstrual period. 2. The shedding of the endometrial lining during menstruation is the cause of the cramping she has been experiencing. 3. The elevated follicle-stimulating hormones during menstruation are causing the endometrial tissue to contract, resulting in the pains she has been experiencing. 4. The loss of blood during the menstrual period is causing a hormonal imbalance that is the underlying cause of the pain being experienced.
L.C. is a 78-year-old man with a 3-year history of Parkinson disease (PD). He is a retired engineer, is married,
and lives with his wife in a small farming community. He has four adult children who live close by. Since his last visit to the clinic 6 months ago, L.C. reports that his tremors are "about the same" as they were; however, further questioning reveals that he feels his gait is perhaps a little more unsteady, and his fatigue is slightly more noticeable. L.C. is also concerned about increased drooling. Among the medications L.C. takes are carbidopa-levodopa 25/100 mg (Sinemet) four times daily and amantadine (Symmetrel) 100 mg at breakfast and bedtime. On the previous visit the Sinemet was increased from three to four times daily. He reports that he has become very somnolent with this regimen and that his dyskinetic movements appear to be worse just after taking his carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet). What is PD?
Parents tell the nurse that they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. Which is the most appropriate recommendation the nurse should make?
a. Punish children so this behavior stops. b. Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity. c. Allow children unrestricted permission to satisfy this curiosity. d. Get counseling for this unusual and dangerous behavior.