Describe the basal ganglia and the role it plays in initiating movement.
What will be an ideal response?
The basal ganglia consist of the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the globus pallidus, the nucleus accumbens, and the subthalamic nucleus. Complex interactive loops connect the basal ganglia with the thalamus and with the motor cortex in the frontal lobe. The basal ganglia interact with the thalamus via two pathways, a direct pathway that excites the thalamus and an indirect pathway that inhibits the thalamus. As a result, you might think of the basal ganglia as a gate or filter for intentional activity, in which motor programs associated with reward will be carried out while competing motor programs unlikely to produce reward in the present circumstances are inhibited. In other words, the basal ganglia do not initiate movement, but without the "approval" of the basal ganglia, the cerebral cortex cannot send motor commands to lower levels of the system.
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a. postpartum depression. b. SAD. c. catatonic depression. d. affective psychosis.
Which of the following illustrates continuous reinforcement?
a. You become less thirsty every time you drink a glass of water. b. You go to the movies even though you only enjoy about 25% of the films you see. c. You buy a weekly lottery ticket. d. None of these.
The gambler's fallacy is a specific case of the
a) regressive error. b) confirmation bias. c) availability heuristic. d) representativeness heuristic.
Which of the following is an example of a fraud?
A. A newspaper publishes articles that do not have substantial authenticity. B. Berta misplaces the money that her mother gave her as a loan. C. A manager is accused of sexual harassment by his secretary. D. Jimmy is arrested for robbing an old woman's house.