The primigravida has been pushing for 3 hours, and the fetus is making slow descent. The partner asks the nurse whether pushing for this long is normal. How should the nurse respond?
1. "Your baby is taking a little longer than average, but is making progress."
2. "First babies take a long time to be born. The next baby will be easier."
3. "The birth would go faster if you had taken prenatal classes and practiced."
4. "Every baby is different; there really are no norms for labor and birth."
1
Rationale 1: Giving factual and reassuring advice using therapeutic communication techniques is best.
Rationale 2: Although subsequent childbirths are usually shorter and faster, telling the partner this does not answer the partner's question.
Rationale 3: Prenatal classes teach relaxation, which can affect the overall length of labor but not the second stage.
Rationale 4: Labor norms do exist for primigravidas and multigravidas.
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