If RNA polymerase is missing in E coli _____, then transcription initiation would not occur at the appropriate initiation sites
A) amino acids
B) mRNA
C) sigma
D) the holoenzyme
Answer: C
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Interaction of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) with a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) results in
A) formation of transmembrane pores that cause cell lysis. B) transmembrane signal transduction that initiates transcription of genes involved in phagocytosis, inflammation, and pathogen killing. C) molecular activation of the adaptive immune system. D) a superantigen reaction that can cause septic shock.
A neutral solution has a pH of
(a) 3. (b) 5. (c) 7. (d) 9.
An organism that grows specifically on nonliving organic material is called
(a) an autotroph. (b) a heterotroph. (c) a parasite. (d) a saprophyte.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Many new, previously unsuspected species have been discovered through application of the molecular technique of DNA sequencing. 2. Archaea that tolerate and/or require high salinities are called halophiles. 3. Heterocysts are specialized cells in plant roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 4. Various anaerobic Archaea that convert carbon dioxide and other carbon-bearing compounds into methane are called methanotrophs. 5. Type III and Type IV systems are potentially applicable to treatment of human disease by using them to deliver DNA to target cells in human gene therapy.